A new study from Mass General Brigham (MGB) has found that lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of stroke, dementia, and late-life depression. Researchers identified 17 common risk factors linked to these aging-related conditions. They reviewed previously published studies to see which of these factors can be managed through healthy habits.
The list of 17 factors includes blood pressure, kidney disease, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, alcohol use, diet, hearing loss, pain, physical activity, purpose in life, sleep, smoking, social engagement, and stress. These findings, published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, suggest a proactive approach to brain health. Dr. Sanjula Singh from Massachusetts General Hospital called the discovery “hopeful,” emphasizing that small changes can make a big difference.
Dr. Brian Snelling from the Miami Neuroscience Institute noted the importance of factors like chronic pain and a sense of purpose. He highlighted that reduced activity might be a symptom rather than a cause of brain disease. Dr. Marc Siegel of NYU Langone Health supported the study’s findings, noting that these factors are known to decrease inflammation, which is linked to stroke, dementia, and depression.
The researchers suggest viewing the 17 factors as a “menu of options” and recommend starting with small, manageable changes. Dr. Singh pointed out that even addressing one to three factors can have a meaningful impact. She suggested blood pressure as a good starting point, with strategies like reducing salt intake and increasing physical activity.
Focusing on areas like sleep, social connections, blood sugar, and physical activity is also crucial. Dr. Singh explained that improvements in one area often benefit others, such as how more physical activity can enhance sleep and lower blood pressure. Dr. Snelling emphasized the importance of starting proactive brain care well before symptoms appear.
The study does have some limitations, as it focused only on risk factors that overlap between at least two conditions, possibly excluding factors specific to one. The researchers also relied on existing meta-analyses, which might have overlooked findings from smaller studies. Dr. Singh acknowledged that while the study shows associations, it doesn’t confirm causation.
Experts agree that lifestyle changes play a critical role in promoting health and longevity. Dr. Brintha Vasagar noted the importance of diet, exercise, sleep, and purpose in life for both brain health and preventing chronic diseases. For personalized advice, individuals are encouraged to consult with their family medicine physicians.
